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Mode effect is a broad term referring to a phenomenon where a particular survey administration mode causes different data to be collected. For example, when asking a question using two different modes (''e.g.'' paper and telephone), responses to one mode may be significantly and substantially different from responses given in the other mode. Mode effects are a methodological artifact, limiting the ability to compare results from different modes of collection. ==Theory== Particular survey modes put respondents into different frames of mind, referred to as a mental "script".〔Groves, Robert M. (1989). ''Survey Errors and Survey Costs'', New York: Wiley-Interscience.〕 This can affect the results they give. For example: * Face-to-face surveys prompt a "guest" script. Respondents are more likely to treat face-to-face interviewers graciously and hospitably, leading them to be more agreeable and affecting their answers. Differences between the interviewers administering the survey can also lead to a range of "interviewer effects" on survey results. * Phone interviews prompt a "solicitor" or "telemarketer" script. Respondents may place less priority on telephone interviews, making them more likely to satisfice (answer questions with the least possible effort) in order to finish the interview sooner. Wariness of who may be on the other end of the phone can also lead respondents to provide more socially acceptable answers than would be given in other survey modes. Mode effects are likely to be larger when the differences between modes are larger . Face-to-face interviews are substantially different from self-completed pen-and-paper forms. By contrast, web-surveys, pen-and-paper and other self-completed forms are quite similar (each requiring respondents to read and privately respond to a question) and therefore mode effects may be minimised. Users of surveys must consider the potential for mode effects when comparing results from studies in different modes. However, this is difficult as mode effects can be complex and subject to interactions between respondent demographics, subject matter and mode. Unless the mode effects are formally investigated for the survey instrument, it is difficult to quantify their size and qualitative judgments by experts familiar with the subject matter and respective modes are required instead. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mode effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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